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Events:

  • 37 CE – Caligula Becomes Emperor: Caligula is officially declared Emperor of Rome after the death of Tiberius.
  • 1766 – Repeal of the Stamp Act: The British Parliament repeals the Stamp Act, which had imposed taxes on the American colonies, contributing to rising tensions that led to the American Revolution.
  • 1848 – Start of the German Revolution: The March Revolution begins in Berlin, part of a series of uprisings across Europe.
  • 1922 – Mohandas Gandhi Sentenced: Indian leader Mahatma Gandhi is sentenced to six years in prison for civil disobedience against British rule, although he served only two years.
  • 1965 – First Spacewalk: Soviet cosmonaut Alexei Leonov becomes the first person to conduct a spacewalk, lasting 12 minutes outside the Voskhod 2 spacecraft.
  • 1978 – Bhutto Sentenced to Death: Former Prime Minister of Pakistan, Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, was sentenced to death for the alleged murder of Nawab Muhammad Ahmad Khan, a dissident of the Pakistan People's Party.
  • 1990 – Germany Reunification Begins: East Germany holds its first free elections, leading to the process of German reunification.
  • 2014 – Crimea Votes to Join Russia: Crimea formally applies to join Russia after a controversial referendum.

Birthdays:

  • 1602 – Jacques de Billy: French mathematician known for contributions to number theory.
  • 1837 – Grover Cleveland: 22nd and 24th President of the United States.
  • 1869 – Neville Chamberlain: British Prime Minister, known for his policy of appeasement towards Nazi Germany.
  • 1932 – John Updike: American novelist, poet, and critic.
  • 1938 – Shashi Kapoor: Indian actor, producer, and member of the famous Kapoor film family.
  • 1963 – Vanessa L. Williams: American singer, actress, and former Miss America.
  • 1979 – Adam Levine: American singer and lead vocalist of Maroon 5.

Deaths:

  • 1584 – Ivan the Terrible: First Tsar of Russia, infamous for his violent reign.
  • 1845 – Johnny Appleseed: American pioneer who introduced apple trees to parts of the U.S.
  • 1965 – King Farouk of Egypt: Deposed Egyptian monarch.
  • 2017 – Chuck Berry: American guitarist, singer, and pioneer of rock and roll.

 

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