🌍 Events:
- 1739: Nader Shah captured Delhi, India.
- 1800: Alessandro Volta revealed the first electrical battery to the Royal Society.
- 1852: Harriet Beecher Stowe's anti-slavery novel Uncle Tom's Cabin was published.
- 1916: Albert Einstein published his theory of general relativity.
- 1956: Tunisia gained independence from France.
- 1969: U.S. President Richard Nixon announced the end of the Vietnam War in 1970.
- 2003: The Iraq War began with the U.S.-led invasion.
🎉 Birthdays:
- 1725: Abdul Hamid I — 27th Sultan of the Ottoman Empire (d. 1789).
- 1828: Henrik Ibsen — Norwegian playwright, considered the father of modern drama (d. 1906).
- 1923: Shaukat Siddiqui — Renowned Pakistani novelist, born in Lucknow, British India (d. 2006).
- 1948: Bobby Orr — Legendary Canadian ice hockey player.
- 1957: Spike Lee — American filmmaker and actor.
- 1989: Tamim Iqbal — Bangladeshi cricketer.
🕯️ Deaths:
- 1413: King Henry IV of England.
- 1727: Isaac Newton — English mathematician and physicist, one of the most influential scientists of all time.
- 1992: Ikhlaq Ahmed Dehlvi — Writer, broadcaster, and biographer.
- 1943: Syed Sibghatullah Shah Rashidi II — Pakistani spiritual leader.
- 2024: Saeed Ahmed — Pakistani Test cricketer.
🌐 International Days and Observances:
- International Day of Happiness — Promotes happiness as a fundamental human goal.
- World Sparrow Day — Raises awareness about the conservation of sparrows and urban biodiversity.